Cortical and trabecular bone structure of the hominoid capitate

Morphological variation in the hominoid capitate has been linked to differences habitual locomotor activity due its importance movement and load transfer at midcarpal joint proximally carpometacarpal joints distally. Although shape of bones their articulations are mobility, internal structure shown experimentally reflect, least part, loading direction magnitude experienced by bone. To date, it is uncertain whether among hominoids reflected bone microarchitecture capitate. Here, we apply a whole-bone methodology quantify cortical trabecular architecture (separately combined) across bipedal (modern Homo sapiens), knuckle-walking (Pan paniscus, Pan troglodytes, Gorilla sp.), suspensory (Pongo sp.) (n = 69). It hypothesized that will differentiate these groups, reflecting postures presumed force direction. Additionally, proximal distal regions, as result being part mechanically divergent distally, differ portions Results indicate differentiated from primarily significantly thicker Knuckle-walking taxa further more isotropic trabeculae An allometric analysis indicates size not significant determinate hominoids, although sexual dimorphism may influence some parameters within Gorilla. suggest subjected different forces functional adaptation responses (and possibly other short bones). while separating normal protocol current methodologies, this study shows when applied carpals, removing or studying separately potentially obfuscates functionally relevant signals structure.